Outside of your day-to-day oral care habits, there are several factors that influence the health of your teeth and gums, like your mental health and even your posture. But there’s one factor that’s often overlooked, especially when it comes to women: hormones.Hormonal fluctuations throughout a woman’s life—from puberty and menstruation to pregnancy and menopause—can significantly impact oral health, influencing conditions such as gum disease, dry mouth, and even bone health.In this blog, we explore how these hormonal changes affect the mouth, highlight common oral health issues women might face at different life stages, and offer practical advice for managing these challenges. By becoming more aware of these connections, women can take proactive steps to ensure their oral health remains in top condition throughout their lives.1. PubertyThe first time a woman may experience an overproduction of hormones is during puberty. Puberty typically begins between the ages of eight and thirteen. During puberty, an overproduction of hormones can cause your gum tissue to become red, tender, and swollen. The hormonal changes during puberty can amplify the body's inflammatory response to plaque and bacteria in the mouth as well, and that may cause a higher likelihood of bleeding when brushing and flossing.2. Menstrual CycleOnce a woman begins her menstrual cycle, progesterone will peak a few days prior to each period. Higher progesterone levels can make the mucosal tissues in the mouth more sensitive and prone to irritation. This increased sensitivity can lead to the development of canker sores as well as swollen gums and swollen salivary glands.3. Hormonal ContraceptionCertain oral contraceptives can increase the risk of inflamed gums due to the body’s reaction to toxins that are produced from plaque. The synthetic estrogen found in birth control pills can also lead to decreased levels of natural estrogen. Lower levels of natural estrogen are associated with another oral disorder, one affecting the temporomandibular joint.4. PregnancyMuch like how progesterone heightens prior to a woman’s period, there will be increased levels of progesterone during pregnancy, making a woman more susceptible to bacterial plaque that causes gingivitis. As progesterone increases blood flow to the gums, it makes them more sensitive, swollen, and prone to bleeding. This increased vascularity can create an environment that’s likely to grow bacteria.5. MenopauseWhen a woman goes through menopause, there will be a sharp decline in female hormones. Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining salivary gland function, and when there is reduced saliva, it can impair this process, altering the sense of taste. The decline in estrogen during menopause can lead to a decrease in saliva production, changing the composition of oral tissues. These changes can make the mouth more susceptible to burning sensations, increased sensitivity, and dry mouth.6 Tips to Prevent Oral Health ProblemsHormonal changes can pose unique challenges to women's oral health, but with some proactive steps, these issues can be effectively managed. Here are some practical tips to help maintain optimal oral health through various stages of hormonal fluctuations:1. Maintain Good Oral HygieneIt might seem obvious to cover the basics, but the importance of daily oral hygiene can’t be overstated. Be sure to brush your teeth twice per day with a natural toothpaste that doesn’t contain harsh ingredients like SLS.Also, make sure you floss daily to remove plaque and food particles between your teeth. Standard nylon floss is notorious for having nasty ingredients that are bad for your health (and the planet’s health), so opt for plant-based floss or biodegradable floss picks.2. Schedule Regular Dental Check-UpsVisit your dentist every six months for a professional cleaning and examination. Be sure to inform your dentist about any hormonal changes, such as pregnancy or menopause, so they can tailor their care accordingly.3. Eat a Balanced DietThe vitamins and minerals (or lack thereof) that you put in your body have a direct impact on your oral health. Consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and dairy products to provide essential nutrients for oral health. Steer clear of sugary snacks and drinks that can contribute to tooth decay.4. Stay HydratedDrink plenty of water throughout the day to keep your mouth moist and help wash away food particles and bacteria. If you still struggle with dry mouth, xylitol is a natural ingredient that can stimulate saliva flow. You can get a quick dose of xylitol any time of day from an oral spray.5. Use a Soft-Bristled ToothbrushIf you experience gum sensitivity or swelling from hormonal changes, a soft-bristled toothbrush can help you minimize irritation while you polish your pearly whites. Standard nylon bristles can aggravate your gums, causing bleeding and soreness. Instead, opt for a toothbrush with natural, plant-based bristles.6. Take Special Care During PregnancyPregnant women should pay extra attention to their oral hygiene due to the increased risk of gum disease and pregnancy gingivitis. Consider having a dental check-up during your second trimester when morning sickness has typically subsided, and it's more comfortable to sit in the dental chair.Take Better & Better Care of Your Oral HealthAs you can see, hormonal changes can have a major impact on your oral health. However, taking proactive measures with your daily habits can go a long way to ensure your teeth and gums stay strong and healthy, no matter what stage of life you’re in.Dr. Jaclyn Tomsic, MD, DMD, FACS, is a board-certified Oral and maxillofacial surgeon (OMF) based out of Cleveland, OH. OMF involves extensive dental and medical education and training to achieve surgical expertise and an unparalleled understanding of esthetics. Being an OMF surgeon qualifies Dr. Tomsic to treat conditions, defects, injuries, and esthetic aspects of the mouth, teeth, jaw, and face. Learn more about Dr. Jacci on her website, and follow her on Instagram at @doctorjacci.